Systematic Review Paper - 981 Words

ABSTRACT Introduction: Advances in early detection and treatment of colorectal cancer has seen marked improvements in recent years. However, it is still the third leading cause of cancer related death worldwide. Although there are studies reporting the significance of miRNAs in stage II colorectal cancer, there is, as of yet, no known comprehensive study utilizing collective data from multiple published studies. It is imperative that this knowledge gap of viable miRNA biomarkers in stage II colorectal cancer, be filled. Thus, this study will focus on performing a systematic review and meta-analysis using collective data to identify and underline multiple miRNA targets, with regards to disease prognosis in stage II colorectal cancer†¦show more content†¦Review registration number: Strengths and limitations of this study †¢ The protocol follows the PRISMA-P guidelines. †¢ This is the first study of its kind, with a comprehensive analysis of the prognostic effects of miRNA in stage II colorectal cancer in the form of a systematic review and meta-analysis. †¢ Reporting bias may occur due to the exclusion of articles published in languages other than English, articles published prior to 2009 and unpublished articles. This is to ensure that the results of this study are specific, currently relevant and accurately replicable. INTRODUCTION Colorectal Cancer (CRC), also known as colon cancer or bowel cancer, is cancer originating from colon or rectal lining, where healthy cells transform into cancerous cells, leading to formation of large, rapidly growing tumours which remain benign or become malignant as the disease progresses. The Australian government’s (Cancer Australia) 2017 estimate suggests 16,682 (12.4%) new cases out of which 4,114 (8.6%) cases were reported as leading to death.1 Similarly, the American cancer society estimated 95,520 new cases of colon cancer and 39,910 cases of rectal cancer diagnosed in the United States of America (USA) in 2017.2 CRC is staged according to the extent of primary organ tumour development and metastatic spread to lymph nodes or distant organs due to their malignancy. Although surgical resection can be highly effective for localized disease, 25%-40% of patientsShow MoreRelatedSystematic review paper1119 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Systematic Review Systematic Review The purpose of this meta-synthesis research was to synthesize a qualitative study performed to better understand the underlying reasons why only a fraction of cancer patients participate in cancer research trials. The attempt is to explore factors that influence participation in this type of study. Literature in the subject indicates poorly understood process of how patients are enrolled into clinical trials. This systematic review tries to improveRead MoreA Comprehensive Treatment Plan Based Off Diagnosis Of The Problems At Hand904 Words   |  4 Pages(SRP), prophylaxis, root canal therapy (RCT), post and core, porcelain fused metal crown, and night guard were the major treatments. While broken teeth and possible caries lesions will be watched to see if further intervention needed. Literature Review and Analysis The clinical question for this topic is: â€Å"What is the incidence of osteonecrosis following dental extractions on a patient taking bisphosphonates?† The PICO based on the clinical question is: P: Patients needing dental extractionRead MoreAdvantages Of Star Model Of Evidence Based Practice744 Words   |  3 Pagestested in the laboratory or utilized for explaining a case study. The goal of this assignment is to explore three models of evidence-based practice (EBP) that interest the authors and give a summary. Although several models used in research, this paper will highlight three specific models and provide a summary, strengths, weaknesses and a model that can be implemented in a particular practice. ACE Star Model of Evidence-Based Practice: The ACE Start Model of evidence-based practice developed atRead MoreEvaluation Of A Research Review1605 Words   |  7 Pages Systematic Research Review Stephanie Rogers Chamberlain College of Nursing NR 505: Advanced Research Methods September 2016 â€Æ' Systematic Research Review As advancements are made in science and technology that relates to the care of patients, it is critical for nurses to be aware of the treatments that have been proven to be evidence-based. Systematic research reviews (SRR) are considered to have the highest ranking or level of evidence falling under level 1 evidence for reliability, validityRead MoreExample Of Decision Analytic Models797 Words   |  4 Pagesnecessary given that these unknown parameters are likely to have an impact on the model outputs. A systematic review published in 2013 by Grigore et al(2) highlighted the practice and challenges in eliciting probability distributions from experts on unknown quantities. Of the 14 papers reviewed, a variety of methods were used with the majority failing to report key aspects of the elicitation method. Only 3 papers stated the validity, reliability and feasibility of the elicitation exercises. The lack of detailRead MoreResearch Methodology And The Execution Of Slr1978 Words   |  8 PagesMethod This section provides an overview research method i.e. systematic literature review (SLR) used in thesis research; it describes the research methodology, the design and the execution of SLR. 2.1 Overview of Systematic Literature Review This section of chapter was to thoroughly define and go through systematic literature review research method. 2.1.1 Definition Kitchenham and Charters (2007) proposed that systematic literature review has been a widespread research methodology since 1990s, butRead MoreEvidence Based Practice4004 Words   |  17 Pageson which one provides better evidence based on their design (Evans, 2003). This reflects different types of research designs to distinguish ones that are susceptible to bias to ones that have sound results [National Health Service (NHS) Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, 1996]. Mulhall (2002) and Hanberg amp; Brown (2006) cite the gap between research and practice and how it can be implemented. In order for EBP to work, adjustments to attitudes, values and work behaviour have to be made (McCluskeyRead MoreAssignment : Evidence Based Practice, Research, And Quality Improvement1431 Words   |  6 PagesIntensive Alternate Assignment: Evidence-Based Practice, Research, and Quality Improvement This paper will address content covered in the Intensive session that occurred in Austin on September 12, 2014. It is an alternate assignment designed to replace classroom instruction and forum exercises of that day. Evidence-Based Health Care Evidence-based health care is the â€Å"conscientious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients or the delivery of health services†Read MoreFreedom Therapy : A Psychological Intervention For People Facing Serious Illness1660 Words   |  7 Pagestasks and address their emotional and existential need for the end of life patients (Fitchett et al, 2015). In dignity therapy patients completed systematic life review that captured the loveliest and most important moment, the lesson they have to learn in life and any dreams and hopes they haves for their loved one in the future. And the life systematic review is recorded, transcribed and edited to create an official legacy document, and it is can be given to patients as a gift and it can be bequeathedRead MoreLLLT Case Study846 Words   |  4 Pagesthe most suitable and efficient in their cases (Munck et al, .2014). It is this reason that this systematic research paper aims to evaluate t he already available literature on the Androgenetic Alopecia and low lever laser technology specifically in determining whether the use of low-level laser technology is indeed an effective therapy and treatment mechanism for AGA. METHODS (a) Literature review, search and the research procedure Studies published up to the year December 31, 2016, were obtained

Are Tattoos, Art - 678 Words

There are many forms of art in today’s society, all ranging in a wide variety of intricacy and complexity. From performing arts, there is also interpretive arts and the classic hand molding and paint brush wielding type of art. Most art is easily distinguished, but there’s another form that has been bubbling to the surface for quite some time now and that art form is tattooing. Though many disagree that this is an actual art form, most often times, people determine tattooing as a â€Å"rite of passage,† for when a person turns 18 at the very least, but are tattoos, truly considered an art? The trend of tattooing grew rapidly as a rebellious act in the early 80’s, however, tattooing actually dates back much further. The earliest record of†¦show more content†¦In addition, Barbajosa unveils the cause of the tattooing industry going viral. One of the first tattooing milestones was when â€Å"Samuel OReilly patented the first electric tattoo machine in 1891,† (Barbajosa, 2004) this marked the day that tattoos went industrial and much more accessible to the general population. For instance, in the 1920’s, â€Å"circuses provided work for about 300 people and allotted payment of on average, $200 a week, just for having full body tattoos,† (Barbajosa, 2004) which was a lot of money then and a lot of money now! But even here, the purpose of tattoos is altered and questioned. Can tattooing be considered real art if the purpose for being marked up is to make money for looking different then others? People who are into tattoos, know that its art, (Jones, 2011) argues Jonathan Jones in his article, Eye-catching, but Are Tattoos Art? Though the majority who tattoo or get tattooed could agree as it’s a personal preference and experience- singer Jimmy Buffett rebuttals that â€Å"Tattoos are a permanent decision to a temporary feeling,† (Barbajosa, 2004). Buffett brings up an excellent point, as time goes on and trends change and grow, people designs are replicated until the design becomes tired and outdated. When fine art is produced, generally it is admired for many centuries, studied by following generations and doesn’t often become outdated because artwork is unique and one of a kind. IfShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Art of Tattoos1110 Words   |  5 Pageshas grown to now be considered a mainstream activity and is no longer confined to prison populations, sailors, and gang members. Tattooed bodies now include adolescents, career women, and college students (Millner 425). Throughout all these years, tattoos have been used as protection against danger, as love charms, to restore youth, to ensure good health and long life, to accomplish fertility, to bring about the death to an enemy, to cure an illness, to insure a happy afterlife, and even to acquireRead MoreTattoos and Body Piercings as and Art Form992 Words   |  4 PagesAshley Beth Logan Manuscript Speech D. Webb Speech 106 Tattoos and Body Piercings Good evening. I would like to start by asking how many of you have a tattoo or piercing other than your ears. Did you know that in most work environments, you are usually not even considered for employment if you’re tattoo or piercing is visible dur ing the interview? I am one of the many people who believe tattoos and body piercings are a form of self expression. However, there are still that few out there whoRead MoreThe Overlooked Art : Tattoos A Social Issue1931 Words   |  8 Pages The Overlooked Art: Tattoos a Social Issue When you think of social issues there are many that come to mind ,but there is one that though it effects many is overlooked. That issue is the acceptance of tattoos into our main stream culture. Tattoos actually have a very long history in our culture but in the past, was concentrated in small out of the way pockets of society like the military and criminals. This has slowly started to change and tattoos have started to make their way into the commonplaceRead MoreTaking a Look at the Tattoo Culture786 Words   |  3 Pagesuntil recent time’s people adorned themselves with tattoos as a symbol of self-expression. However they are now most commonly used in mainstream culture as a means of self-decoration. Today’s generation of youth are experiencing a positive relation to tattoo culture. As they are in the middle of an increasingly â€Å"tattoo friendly† and â€Å"tattoo flooded† society. The aesthetic value of tattoos has exponentially increased as they b ecome a more legitimate art form and are accepted as fashion accessories. WithRead MoreTattoos and Society Essay1436 Words   |  6 Pagespresent themselves to the world. Tattoos have been predominantly linked with a rebellious attitude and pictured on out of control stereotypes such as rock starts, bikers, sailors, and disobedient teenagers who want nothing more than to hack off their parents. With a new coming of age generation and a step into a more lenient and liberal society these types of patrons still participate in body art but so do doctors, lawyers, or just the run of the mill house mom. Tattoos signify religious beliefs, culturalRead MoreTattoos And Body Of Tattoos Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesTattoos and body pierced has been in our society for many years. Back then when tattoos was not a thing, many culture and religion used to inked their skin. In 1920s tattoos was common on prisoner, sailor, bikers, and that is why a huge part of of the population does not accep t tattoos. Now, these days the art of tattoos is increasing, making a lot of money every year. These days people are getting more and more tattoos, making themselves addicted to it. Body art is used by people to express theirRead MoreThe View of Tattoos in Our Society Today Essay1522 Words   |  7 PagesThe View of Tattoos 1 The View of Tattoos in Our Society Today Melissa Oliphant Axia College of University of Phoenix The View of Tattoos 2 â€Å"People who drink, do drugs, have been jailed or do not believe in religion are more likely to be tattooed. â€Å" , said Mom. Is there any truthRead MoreExpressing Identity Through Tattoos and Piercings Essay786 Words   |  4 PagesExpressing Identity through Tattoos and Piercings The rising popularity of tattoos and body piercing is more than just the latest fashion craze. This type of body art has been a part of this world for thousands of years. Tattoos and piercings have served as amulets, status symbols, declarations of love, signs of religious beliefs, adornments and even forms of punishment (Smithsonian.com). In the later years (1940 – 2000) tattoos and piercings were more common among teenagers and young adults, butRead MoreTattoos : Culture And Culture1485 Words   |  6 Pagesof every culture and the American culture is no different. One of the aspects of American culture is the tattoo. Tattoos have been around for centuries, they are also part of other cultures and appeal to a broad variety of people. Tattoos became part of American culture through cultural diffusion, which is where one culture shares its culture with another through direct contact. Recently tattoos have re-assimilated into American culture and society by first being associ ated with deviant behavior andRead MoreTattoos in the Workplace Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesTattoos in the Workplace Christina Responsive-Final Draft April 4, 2013 There is always a lot of controversy when it comes to tattoos. Most people instantly have an opinion of them; they are either for or against tattoos. What is not realized is the fact that there is a ton of time and effort put into the sketching and placement of a tattoo. People tattoo themselves as a way of self-expression and liberation. Unfortunately, in the business world, most executives do not believe there is such

Iconography the Scream free essay sample

College University, Lahore History department Assignment Iconographic Analysis of a Painting (The Scream) Submitted to: Dr. Hussain Submitted by: Mohsin Ashfaq (452-BH-2010) Formal Analysis Article: Painting Materials: Oil, Tempra, Pastal on Cardboard Colors: Black, Red, Orange, Dark Blue, Yellow Iconography Edvard Munch, in 1893, presented his painting that became very popular world-wide. It was named â€Å"The Scream† by the artist. It has almost 4 different versions, but all are very same. Scream had gained reputation as an iconic art-work, and it remained source of inspiration for a long time. Edvard Munch was a Norwegian painter and most of his work is based on psychological themes. Other than Scream he performed my other paintings such as, Death in Sickroom, The sick child, At the Roulette Table in Monte. These are all considered excellent paintings but they did not gain as much popularity as Scream. Colours used in the painting are very aggressive. They depict violence in the painting. We will write a custom essay sample on Iconography the Scream or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The man standing in the picture is screaming loud at everything. Colours used in this painting, especially the orange colour of sky, describe a gloomy surrounding. Plus the calmness and normality of two persons behind show the silence of scream; that it is unheard. Some analysts believe that it is â€Å"Screaming of nature†. Since paintings of Munch mostly reflect psychological themes, this painting could be explaining â€Å"Agoraphobia† (phobia from wide open spaces). The painting has a wide open landscape in the background. It is possible that the person is screaming in panic attack. All these themes combined into one painting, make it very disturbing in its look. The feel of anxiety and frustration in the picture is very visible. It shows the loneliness of the artist. The location of the bridge is in Oslo, Norway. Munch’s own words about the paintings are these: â€Å"I was out walking with two friends the sun began to set suddenly the sky turned blood-red I paused, feeling exhausted, and leaned on a fence there was blood and tongues of fire above the blue-black fjord and the city my friends walked on, and there I still stood, trembling with fear – and I sensed an endless scream passing through nature. † It is all about perception however. Every person perceives this picture according to his own opinion and past experiences. Still this picture is consider one of great master-pieces in history.

Belonging speech Essay Example

Belonging speech Essay Belonging, what Is It? I believe belonging Is when you can say that you are a part of something, when you have a group or a club or even a lifestyle that other people share. In short, I believe that a sense of belonging can be found in the things or people that have shared the same experiences, both good and bad, because we can identify ourselves in those people. Today we will be exploring this idea of belonging in two texts; one is the of poems Fillies Crooknecks and SST Patriots College, by Polish-born Australian poet, Peter Crooknecks, and the other text is the 2012 movie Wreck it Ralph, directed by Rich Moore. The poems SST Patrick College and Fillies Crooknecks both deal with the notion of self-isolation and an inability to relate to the people that surround a persona. In both poems, we can assume that the persona is Peter Crooknecks himself. In Fillies Crooknecks he talks about how he could never relate to his father and his fathers friends when they would reminisce of their lives In Poland. He feels a sense of distance between himself and his parents culture that, as he says In the poem, he Inherited unknowingly. In the poem In the folk museum, delectation from a culture Is also portrayed, but this time It Is about the personas lack of connection to the Australian culture. The persona describes the things he sees in the museum as if they are foreign and unknown to him, so much so that he has to read the names of the objects to know what they are. We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging speech specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Belonging speech specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer A reason why the poet doesnt feel he can relate may be because he doesnt share the same experiences and doesnt have the same traditions and customs that other people, both his Eastern European parents had and his Australian culture, would have shared. He cant relate, or reminisce, or appreciate either of his two cultures, because he has never known enough about them to have an emotional attachment, and It Is this lack of attachment that prevents him from feeling a sense of inclusion. The sense of exclusion from a group Is also present In the film Wreck It Ralph. Ralph, who was the bad guy In an arcade game, was constantly ostracizes from the rest of he characters in the game. He lived on a pile of bricks far away from everyone else. He, like Peter Crooknecks, was often segregated from everyone else, except in the film, the exclusion was intentional. In the same way Crooknecks couldnt help not being able to relate to his father, Ralph couldnt help but break things, and the more he broke things, the more he would be distanced from the others in the game. He would have felt helpless and isolated, and his hunger to belong with everyone else is what made him escape his game in search off medal to prove with worth. In one scene of the movie, Ralph is seen attending a Bad-Anon, a support group for the villains in the arcade games. Here he is able to communicate his Ideas and feelings to people who feel the same and go through the same things. Ralph can Identify himself In the support group because they all share the same experiences. This act of comradely Indicates that Ralph does In fact know how to connect to others, but that his problem is that there is simply no-one for him to establish that friendship with. Another meets Ralph, she expects him to exclude her as other people do, but upon learning that he too is a rejected outcast, she reaches out to him and they become friends. This is a good example of how past experiences influence where we feel we belong. Their bond strengthens as the plot progresses, and as both Ralph and Penelope grow closer and closer, their personalities grow and they develop trait that they didnt have before they had friends. Penelope gains a sense of assertiveness, and Ralph earns to respect and consider peoples feelings. The characters in both the poems and the film both show the concept of not belonging. It is a theme that appears in art and modern media constantly, and portrays the idea that our experiences, both good and bad, influence who or where we feel we belong. We all root for the ones that overcome obstacles and win battles despite having disadvantages. We all root for the underdog; because we, as an audience, identify ourselves in them; because we have all, at one point or another, felt the same.

The Independence of Media from the States

The Independence of Media from the States Media is an important part of human life. There are a lot of different functions of media, informing, creating social opinion, adverting, etc.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Independence of Media from the States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Living in the free democratic world, many people are sure that the media is independent from states and that TV, radio and newspapers are free for creating and presenting the material each of these department wants. However, this is not really so. Each time people refer to media, they expect to consider the data which is presented as a part of free press, however, this is not exactly so. Media depends on the states under which it has to function. It is impossible to imagine an absolutely free media which does not belong to anyone and does not responsible to anything. Modern mass media is owned by specific groups in the state and the power of these people and organizations make each release dependant. Social opinion is not created on the basis of the free press, states always try to make sure that public opinion is created in such a way that powerful people want it to be. Considering the level of the dependency of mass media from the states it performs into, it is possible to say that even the most democratic countries have the state influence on mass media. Mass media is not independent from the state totally, however, some level of independence is still present. No one is able to contradict the opinion that democracy is the regime we are trying to live into. Therefore, the democracy presupposes the freedom of mass media. However,Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More the mediahave a double relation to democracy. On the one hand the emergence of a global information society is a powerful democratizing force. Yet, television, and the ot her media, tend to destroy the very public space of dialogue they open up, through relentless trivializing, and personalizing of political issues. Moreover, the growth of giant multinational media corporations means that unelected business tycoons can hold enormous power (Meier 2002, p. 298). Being connected to political issues, mass media cannot remain uncontrolled. Society believes that the themes discussed on TV are presented by their desire to watch them, people are sure that making a choice they do it just because they want to do that choice, however, this opinion is wrong. If one tries to answer the question what controls and forms human opinion, he/she will find only one possible answer – mass media. However, most of the data which appear on BBC and other world spread sources of information exist under strong censorship. The â€Å"double relation to democracy† (Meier 2002, p. 298) is explained by the desire of the mass media sources to show personal freedom from any authority, however, at the same time, it is impossible to say for sure that even in the most democratic countries mass media is free. Democracy is defined as the participation of the citizens of the country in making decisions, however, there is no a word about absence of the control of the government over people.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Independence of Media from the States specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The power of broadcasting cannot be overestimated, and the governmental structures understand this. Thus, the very beginning of the media era was controlled by the government and the priorities of such control may be enumerated. Remembering the history, the fist official newspapers and TV shows in most countries were created under the strict supervision of the government. Later, mass media tried to become an independent industry, however, each time it appeared in hands of powerful people who have to deal with the state and its interests. Hesmondhalgh (2007) believes that even living in a democratic era, government cannot allow such powerful industry to remain without influence. If mass media was not under total control, information presented on TV could be frustrating. Many examples may be remembered when important data devoted to international relations, national business, health care, politics, economics, etc. is not shown in mass media. It does not mean that there are no people who know anything about the issue. It means, that there is a censorship which does not allow some information to appear in mass media until it is necessary for the state. One may refer to the secrets which are released on TV, about the scandals and anther data which is not useful for the government. The Internet is full of information and the power of broadcasting there cannot be compared with TV, radio and newspaper. However, the information online is referred as just the gossips which are not tr usted until the official declaration is presented. Is not this a control of the government? Is it possible to say that all the data which is appeared in mass media is trusted until the official declaration is presented? The answer is negative.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More So, the influence of state on the mass media is more obvious than one may think, still, many people try to reject this opinion claiming about the freedom of speech and press. The problem of ownership should be considered as one of the ways of the media control by the state (Doyle 2002). Looking objectively at the problem can one answer the questions who own the TV channels, newspapers, and the Internet browsers which control the search engine capacity? Is it society who controls mass media? Such big industry cannot function without monitoring. Mass media is an industry which brings much profit to those who owns it. Of course, governments do not own all the companies connected with mass media, but they are the property of people who support the interest of the government and make all possible to work in the interest of the state. Owning one particular mass media company, such as BBC or CNN, or another one of the same prestige, the influence on other sources of information is guarante ed. Ownership of the mass media companies is a serious affair as those who own newspapers and TV channels have an opportunity to control human thoughts and ideas. Moreover, one big channel may apply to the unity of smaller channels or work under their supervision that creates the chain of the connected and dependent sources of information which gets the data from the bigger sources. It is hard to believe that states leave the biggest sources of information without control. The information has become one of the weapons of the modern world. It costs too much and it is hard to find it. It is impossible to imagine the state which does not have an opportunity to use such powerful weapon as information, therefore, the ownership of the mass media industry is a crucial problem for the safety and prosperity of any developed state. Bagdikian (2004) is sure that â€Å"the media world – newspapers, magazines, books, radio, television, movies, and now the Internet – occupies a beg inning of the end of government-as-protector-of-the-consumer and the starts of government-as the-protector-of –big-business† (p. 11). It is possible to agree with the statement in some way as looking at the information which appears in newspapers, more attention is devoted to business, however, the politics does not remain apart. Most of the data presented in media is devoted to business world. Ads influence the opinion of people. Advertising make people buy the products of the companies which are shown more frequently. There are also situations when advertising becomes too occupying and in this case government interferes. It is obvious that â€Å"the greatest threat to freedom of expression in the United States or elsewhere is the possibility that private entrepreneurs will always tend to monopolize the marketplace of ideas in the name of economic efficiency and private profit† (Meier 2002, p. 298). Thus, mass media cannot belong totally to private owners. The p roblem of ownership still appears as in case the mass media is not controlled by the state and all the power is offered to the private entrepreneurship the monopolization of the industry may lead to unpredicted consequences. The presentation of the information just from one side, the delivery only of the ‘suitable’ for the manufacture data may be destroying for society. Therefore, it may be said that states do not make mass media sources independent to avoid monopolization of the industry and to make sure that the information presented in mass media is given from different perspectives. State cannot stay apart from mass media as this source of information plays an important role in the life of people. Cottle (2003) says that mass media plays important role in formation of the social opinion, cultural identity, traditional peculiarities and other values of the people in community. Absence of the total control of the government of these issues may lead to the problems in the future which may result in social misunderstanding. Social problems guarantee political and economical instability in the country. Mass media is able to do both, maintain order and create chaos in the country. Absence of the state control and providing of the independent guarantees to mass media will never result in anything positive. It has already been pointed at many crucial outcomes which may result from independence of mass media from the state, such as monopolization of the industry. Cottle (2003) points to the loss of cultural identity. Much attention in this source is paid to the news presentation. Each event may be considered from different perspectives, it can be highlighted from various parts. The ability of mass media to show the news from the governmental position, trying to show the unity of the country and the care of the state leaders about the country may increase the unity of the community. Therefore, the governments are unable to allow the mass media to have t he full independence as sometimes the vision of the journalists should be directed in an appropriate way. However, speaking about journalists, they are free and independent searchers of information and news. These people should just present the useful data for the society, otherwise, the information they have considered may be perceived as uninteresting and boring. This is one of the principles of state control over mass media. Croteau and Hoynes (2005) stress the importance of the government to provide specific information to the society. The control over mass media helps such states impose the necessary information in the society. The absence of such control and absolute independence of the mass media from the state would not form such powerful societies as they are now. The image of UK supported with the presence of a queen, the USA leaders are also known to the whole world as the leaders of one of the most powerful countries. Of source, there are people who do not support the ac tions of their leaders and there are the channels and programs which strictly criticize their actions. This should be. People should see the situation from different perspectives, however, the information should still be directed at the affairs of the country. If the international issues are discussed, it is important to view them in the prism of the state affair. This is the place of the state in the mass media influence. Mass media cannot be independent from state as this is the source of the information which creates the image of the country. One should not confuse the dependence of mass media from the state and the freedom off press. In the USA the First Amendment of the Constitution guarantee the freedom of press, however, it does not mean that mass media may advertise all the products which exist. The state should control the advertising campaign to protect people from inappropriate goods. The same is about everything which appears on TV, radio and in newspapers. States protec t people from the goods of poor quality trying to make sure that the information people get is appropriate, even if it does not meet the interests of the state as freedom of speech exists (Croteau Hoynes 2005). Hesmondhalgh (2002) pays much attention to the reasons and the interests of mass media. The attention is paid to the ownership and the interests mass media supports. The author is sure that the interests of the powerful and rich people are met while creating the releases of information. In case mass media would be independent from the state, this would be exactly the issue. However, having the dependency from the state, much of the released data is subjected to censorship, that is why the private owners of newspapers and channels are unable to monopolize the sphere. If state controls mass media and the information released there, why some data does not meet the requirements of the state, why the state allows to show the programs and to deliver the information which may compr omise the government? Answering this question, the aspects of democratization and the freedom of speech should be considered. Hesmondhalgh (2002) is focused on the private interests of those who own mass media companies forgetting about the law and other specific barriers on the way to controlling the data released to the community. The dependency of mass media from the state is different basing on the level of the democracy in the country. Considering such states as France, USA, UK and other developed countries, the level of interdependency of mass media from the state is rather high. However, such countries as China impose greater dependency of mass media from the state as in such countries people are controlled and programmed by means of mass media. TV, radio and pres are used for propaganda purposes making sure that people will be affected by the data. Gehlbach and Sonin (2008) believe that â€Å"when mobilization is especially important, the government will be inclined to seiz e ownership of private media, as it can save the cost of subsidization by controlling the media directly† (p. 2) and it is impossible to disagree with the statement. Each state understands that mass media may be used in personal purposes in critic situations, therefore, making all possible to follow the freedom of press law, each state do keeps in mind that control over mass media is crucial. Therefore, it may be concluded that there are two points of view that mass media is dependant from the state and that it is independent from it. There is no country where mass media is totally independent from the state as this is an information weapon which may be used incorrectly. The government of each state chooses the level of dependency and applies the chosen policy in action. The democracy does not presuppose the absence of the dependency. Democratic world should be controlled, as otherwise chaos would be imposed. The ownership and monopolization are the problems which are to be co ntrolled by the state and some of the reasons of the dependency of mass media from the state. States should understand the difference between controlling and imposing. The independence leads to chaos and the developed countries cannot allow such state of affairs as only structured and highly monitored world actions guarantee harmony of the modern global society. Reference List Bagdikian, B 2004, The New Media Monopoly, Beacon Press, Boston. Cottle, S 2003, Media organization and production, SAGE, London. Croteau, D Hoynes, W 2005, The Business of Media, Sage, London. Doyle, G 2002, Media Ownership: The Economics and Politics of Convergence and Concentration in the UK and European Media, SAGE, London. Gehlbach, S Sonin, K 2008, Government Control of the Media. Web. Hesmondhalgh, D 2002, Media Production. Berkshire: Open University Press. Hesmondhalgh, D 2007, The Cultural Industries, SAGE, London. Meier, WA 2002, ‘Media Ownership – Does It Matter?’, in R Mansell , R Samarajiva A Mahan (eds), Networking Knowledge for Information Societies: Institutions Intervention, DUP Science, Delft.

Winston Churchill2 essays

Winston Churchill2 essays Winston Churchill was born in 1874 and died, aged ninety, in 1965. He was active in British politics for almost sixty years and was twice Prime Minister. He was a soldier, an artist, a historian, and a journalist, as well as a politician. He was a man of great mental energy, of vivid imagination, and powerful ambition. He was frequently the center of stormy political activity; criticism and abuse were often showered upon him. But he died respected and mourned not only by his own nation, but by the world, for which he had done so much when he led the fight against Nazi tyranny and refused to surrender or to despair of victory. (Gilbert 13) On November 30, 1874, Winston Spencer Churchill was born to Lord Randolph Churchill and Jennie Churchill at Blenheim Palace. In 1888, he was placed in Harrow School. At the end of his first year at Harrow, the boys grades were still the lowest in his class. Reluctantly his father gave up any notion of Winstons following in his own footsteps. Remembering his sons passion for playing at war, Lord Randolph asked him if he was still interested in the army. Winston was delighted over the thought that his father recognized his military genius. The sad truth that his father considered him hopeless in any other field never occurred to the self-assured lad. (Manchester 13) He was then sent to Sandhurst, a Royal Military Academy, in 1893. He joined the army and began selling articles to the Daily Graphic. In 1898, his first book, The Malakand Field Force, was published. The next year he resigned from the army to enter politics. July 6, 1899 Churchill lost his first election as a Conservative candidate. When the Boer War broke out, the London Morning Post sent Churchill as a reporter. A month after arriving in South Africa he was captured by the Boers but made a daring escape. When he returned to England in 1900 he ran for election again and won. Enterin...

The Impact of Chronic Diseases on Children and Their Families Research Paper

The Impact of Chronic Diseases on Children and Their Families - Research Paper Example incidence; moreover, although not commonly seen among children in Australia, cancer has also become one of the most common causes of death among Australian children (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006). Other chronic illnesses seen among Australia’s school-age children include cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy. Risk factors for this disease are mostly modifiable risks which include childhood obesity, unhealthy, and lack of physical activity (Berk, 2008). These chronic conditions impact on children as well as their families because they take place at a time which is crucial to the child’s development (Slater, et.al., 2010). In some cases, care for these children often lasts a lifetime, as seen in diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (Slater, et.al., 2010). For example, Type 1 diabetes calls for lifetime care and multiprofessional medical management; moreover, self-management needs to be emphasized to the child for eventual independ ent management. It is also a costly type of care because of the prolonged nature of the disease and the prolonged treatment needed (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2006). The illness and the treatment process involved can impact negatively on the children and their families, economically, socially, as well as psychologically. As these children are still developing physically and emotionally, their care is different from the care required of chronically ill adults (Wilson, et.al., 2008). Even as the social and economic conditions of the families can also impact on a child’s overall care, it is also a crucial element in the overall outcome of chronic childhood diseases. Moreover, children who have chronic illnesses, along with their families have a high risk of experiencing psychological... This study shall then be concluded based on recommendations which nurses can implement as primary health care givers. Chronic diseases among children are significant health issues because they impact significantly on the quality of lives and on the development of children. In Australia, asthma is considered the most common chronic illness among children 0-14 years of age. In recent years, diabetes has also increased in incidence; moreover, although not commonly seen among children in Australia, cancer has also become one of the most common causes of death among Australian children. Other chronic illnesses seen among Australia’s school-age children include cystic fibrosis, cerebral palsy, and epilepsy. Risk factors for this disease are mostly modifiable risks which include childhood obesity, unhealthy, and lack of physical activity. This paper declares that Chronic diseases among children cause issues in his normal development, issues which mostly relate to delayed developmental processes. Varni, et.al.,describes how children with diabetes, GI conditions, cardiac afflictions, asthma, obesity, ESRD, psychiatric issues, cancer, and cerebral palsy manifested with an impaired health-related quality of life, as compared to healthy children. The study revealed that those with cerebral palsy manifested the most impairment, and those with diabetes presented with the best quality of life. Among parents, they expressed that cardiac afflictions, diabetes, obesity, GI diseases, ESRD, asthma, cancer, and cerebral palsy caused a decreased quality in their lives.